Because of the criticism of maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, motivation researcher Clayton Aderfer proposed an alternative known as ERG theory. The name stems from combining maslow’s five levels of needs into three levels: existence, relatedness, and growth. Existence needs include psychological desires, such as food and water, and work-related material desires, such as pay, fringe benefits and physical working conditions. Relatedness needs address our relationship with significant other, such as families, friendship groups, work groups, and profesional groups. They deal with our desire to be accepted by others, achieve mutual understanding on matters that are important to us, and exercise some influence over those with whom we interact on an ongoing basis. Growth needs impel creativity and innovation, along with the desire to have a productive impact on our surroundings.
According to ERG theory, we generally tend to concentrate first on our existence requirements. As existence needs are resolved, we have more energy available for concentrating on relatedness needs. Then, as relatedness needs are somewhat fulfilled, we have the energy and support needed to persue growth needs. Thus ERG theory incorporates a satisfaction-progression principle similar to that of maslow’s hierarchy, since satisfaction of one level of need encourages concern with the next level.
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